The outer solar system is an area of space beyond the orbit of Mars, where the giant planets Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, and Neptune are located. This region also includes their moons, rings, and various other objects such as asteroids, comets, and dwarf planets. Research in the outer solar system involves studying the composition, formation, and evolution of these celestial bodies, as well as investigating their atmospheres, surfaces, and interactions with each other. Scientists use spacecraft, telescopes, and other instruments to explore and gather data on these distant objects, in order to better understand the origins and dynamics of our solar system.